Arithmetic Grade Four

Lesson Thirty-two: Subtraction


Look at this subtraction problem:

     32
    - 8 
   -----

The problem with this kind of subtraction problem is that you cannot just subtract the one's column since 2 - 8 will give us a negative number. Since the tens column has a digit in it we can borrow ten from it. When we borrow ten from the tens column we wind up with an altered problem that looks sort of like this:

    tens   |   ones
   --------|---------
       2   |    12
    -      |     8
    -----------------
       2   |     4
 
So, 32 - 8 = 24.

Obviously, you could have solved the problem 32-8 by counting backwards 8, but with really big problems like:


        821
       -159
       ------
 
counting backwards isn't a very good way of solving the problem. In a couple lessons we will deal with problems like these, but for now we will stick to simpler problems.

Here's another easy example:


     44
    - 7 
   -----

In the ones column 4 - 7 isn't going to work for us and so we will borrow one from the tens column (which will leave a 3 in the tens column and make 14 in the ones column).

     3  |  14
   -    |   7 
   ------------
     3  |   7

Now you will try a few of these yourself.

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