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Verbs name actions which can be taken by some object. Sometimes all we have to do to change a verb from present to past tense is add -ed. But sometimes it's more complicated than that. Here are the rules for adding -ed to a verb:
1. DROP THE Y AND ADD -IED Use on words which end with Y like: carry/carried, hurry/hurried But not on words like: play/played, annoy/annoyed 2. DOUBLE THE FINAL CONSONANT AND ADD -ED Some words required that you double the final consonant and then add -ed: drag/dragged, stab/stabbed, slam/slammed 3. ADD -ED With most words you can just add -ed: climb/climbed, kick/kicked Some words you just add -d: tie/tied, trade/traded, race/raced Also on words which end with ss, ch, x, or sh: reach/reached, fix/fixed
sing/sang write/wrote go/went swim/swam sit/sat hold/held eat/ate grow/grew stand/stood
Clipped Words
A clipped word is a shortened version of a longer word. Words become clipped because they are used a lot and so people develop one- or two-syllable shortened versions of them. For instance, most people say "gas" instead of "gasoline" because it is so much easier to just say "gas". Here are some examples of clipped words:
FULL WORD CLIPPED WORD submarine sub necktie tie gymnasium gym doctor doc veterinarian vet microphone mic tuxedo tux